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Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) merupakan sebuah program yang diluncurkan oleh World Meteorological Organization (WMO) – sebuah badan PBB yang mengurusi bidang meteorologi – untuk melakukan pengamatan berbagai parameter yang ada di atmosfer bumi.
Ada tiga misi utama GAW, yaitu:
- Untuk melakukan pengamatan yang komprehensif dan terpercaya terhadap komposisi kimia dan fisika atmosfer dalam skala global dan regional;
- Sebagai sarana komunitas ilmiah untuk melakukan prediksi terhadap kondisi atmosferik; dan
- Melakukan penyelidikan guna mendukung pembuatan kebijakan di bidang lingkungan.
Cikal bakal terbentuknya GAW dimulai pada tahun 1950an ketika WMO membuat suatu program monitoring senyawa-senyawa kimia renik di atmosfer, dan juga melakukan penelitian polusi udara dari sudut pandang meteorologi. Pada tahun 1957, didirikanlah Global Ozone Observing System (GO3OS), yang bertanggung jawab dalam monitoring ozon. Tahun 1968, PBB mengadakan konferensi internasional yang membahas masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh industrialisasi. Pada waktu yang hampir bersamaan, WMO membuat badan riset lingkungan lain, yaitu Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network.
Dalam konferensi yang dilaksanakan di Stockholm tahun 1972, PBB membahas beberapa masalah lingkungan, di antaranya:
Dalam konferensi yang dilaksanakan di Stockholm tahun 1972, PBB membahas beberapa masalah lingkungan, di antaranya:
- Ancaman senyawa klorofluorokarbon (CFC) di atmosfer;
- Asidifikasi danau dan hutan di Amerika Utara dan Eropa karena hujan asam; dan
- Pemanasan global yang diakibatkan oleh emisi gas rumah kaca.
Lebih dari 100 negara yang ikut berpartisipasi dalam program GAW, baik untuk pengamatan berskala global, regional, atau pendukung. Untuk skala global, hingga saat ini terdapat 31 titik yang menjadi tolok ukur dalam pengamatan kondisi atmosferik bumi. Titik-titik itu mewakili pengamatan atmosfer dari berbagai variasi iklim dan kondisi tropografis yang ada di bumi. Ke-31 titik tersebut antara lain Point Barrow, American Samoa, South Pole, Mauna Loa, dan Trinidad Head (Amerika Serikat), Alert (Kanada), Arembepe (Brazil), Ushuaia (Argentina), Ny Ålesund/Zeppelin Mountain (Norwegia), Pallas/Sodankylä (Finlandia), Neumayer dan Zugspitze/Schneefernerhaus-Hohenpeiβenberg (Jerman), Jungfraujoch (Swiss), Mace Head (Irlandia), Izaña (Spanyol), Assekrem-Tammanrasset (Aljazair), Mount Kenya (Kenya), Cape Verde (Republik Cape Verde), Cape Point (Republik Afrika Selatan), Amsterdam Island dan Puy de Dôme (Perancis), Mount Waliguan (Cina), Bukit Kototabang (Indonesia), Danum Valley (Malaysia), Minamitorishima (Jepang), Cape Grim (Australia), Lauder (Selandia Baru), Pyramid (Nepal), Monte Cimone (Italia), Halley (Inggris), dan Sonnblick (Austria).


Pelaksanaan program GAW di Indonesia dilakukan oleh Stasiun Pemantau Atmosfer Global yang berada di Bukit Kototabang, provinsi Sumatera Barat. Stasiun ini merupakan salah satu Unit Pelaksana Teknis di bawah Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) yang spesifik melakukan pengamatan kondisi kimia dan fisika atmosferik, serta parameter kualitas udara. Stasiun ini menjadi satu-satunya stasiun referensi udara bersih di Indonesia.
Sekarang ini terdapat 3 (tiga) stasiun GAW di Indonesia, yaitu :
- Stasiun GAW Bukit Kototabang --> Global
- Stasiun GAW Lore Lindu Bairi - Palu - Sulawesi Tengah --> Lokal
- Stasiun GAW Puncak Vihara Klademak - Sorong - Papua Barat --> Lokal
Pemilihan Bukit Kototabang sebagai titik pengamatan atmosfer global didasarkan oleh fakta letak geografis dan astronomisnya. Dari semua titik pengamatan, hanya Mount Kenya dan Bukit Kototabang yang merepresentasikan wilayah yang hampir tepat berada di lintang 0° (garis khatulistiwa). Namun berbeda dengan Kenya yang merupakan daerah gurun, Bukit Kototabang mewakili daerah yang memiliki hutan hujan tropis dengan tingkat kelembaban dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Selain itu, letak geografis Bukit Kototabang yang dekat Samudera Hindia menjadi kajian yang menarik dari sudut pandang meteorologi.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
This is where we sit down, grab a cup of coffee and dial in the details. Understanding the task at hand and ironing out the wrinkles is key. Now that we've aligned the details, it's time to get things mapped out and organized. This part is really crucial in keeping the project in line to completion.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
The time has come to bring those ideas and plans to life. Sifting through teaspoons of clay and sand scraped from the floors of caves, German researchers have managed to isolate ancient human DNA — without turning up a single bone. Their new technique, described in a study published on Thursday in the journal Science, promises to open new avenues of research into human prehistory and was met with excitement by geneticists and archaeologists.
Stasiun Pemantau Atmosfer Global Bukit Kototabang (Global Atmosphere Watch) terletak di Pulau Sumatera, Indonesia (0° 12′ 07″ LS – 100° 19′ 05″ BT). Stasiun ini berjarak 17 km di arah Utara kota Bukittinggi dan 120 km di Utara kota Padang.


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